In the early Middle Ages, and with the rise of European Christendom, sporadic anti-Jewish practices occurred as Jewish legal rights dwindled. These included, in diverse times and places, the right to own land or to receive education for emerging professions. Violence reached a crescendo during the era of the Crusades. Accusations of host desecration, the blood libel, the poisoning of wells, and the banishment from this or that realm happened periodically, though not throughout the continent simultaneously.
| "The York Riots" | March 1190 | William of Newburgh |
| "Canons Concerning Jews" | November 30, 1215 | Fourth Lateran Council |
| "Refuting Ritual Murder Accusations" | July 1236 | Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor |
| "Charter of the Jews in the Duchy of Austria" | July 1244 | Frederick, Duke of Austria |
| "Letter Against the Blood Libel" | October 7, 1272 | Pope Gregory X |
| "Letter to Pope Pius XI" | April 20, 1933 | Dr. Edith Stein |
| Encyclical "Mit Brenneder Sorge" | March 14, 1937 | Pope Pius XI |
| "Spiritually, we are Semites" | September 6, 1938 | Pope Pius XI |
